How does the microstructure typically differ between forged and cast components?

How does the microstructure typically differ between forged and cast components?

• A. Forging yields coarser grains; casting yields refined grains.
• B. Microstructure depends on temperature only, not process.
• C. Identical microstructures for forging and casting.
• D. Forging yields refined grains and higher strength; casting results in coarser grain.

Answer: (D)